Economics Pa

  Banknotes are something very important to the health of an economy, symbolizing a level of confidence and national identity in economic stability. Due to several factors and aspects, central banks from time to time update and redesign banknotes to ensure that their respective currency remains secure, functional, and representative of the values of a nation. While these changes do take place, they may be regarded by the general public as cosmetic changes; quite contrary, as they more often than not come with deep economic and security implications. One of the major causes for replacing banknotes is counterfeiting. The better technology gets, the closer to reality counterfeiters can get in terms of making money. Outsmarting them, central banks issue new notes with holograms, watermarks, and microprinting as state-of-the-art security features. This renewal will avoid corruption of the currency and give confidence to the public about this means, thus avoiding mass economic fraud. The oth

  In the world of economics, debt plays a pivotal role in shaping the development trajectory of nations. However, not all debts are created equal. A glaring contrast exists between the debt burdens of developed nations like the United States and those of the Global South. This contrast not only reflects economic inequality but also serves as a significant factor contributing to underdevelopment in many regions. In this article, we delve into the disparities between the United States' debt and that of the Global South, exploring why it perpetuates underdevelopment and the role of international financial institutions like the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in perpetuating this cycle. The United States Debt: A Different League The United States boasts one of the highest national debt levels globally, currently exceeding USD 28 trillion [1]. However, the nature and implications of this debt significantly differ from those faced by countries in the Global South. Th

  Unemployment remains a pressing concern globally, impacting communities and economies alike. In Rwanda's Eastern Province, particularly in Nyagatare District, addressing unemployment is a multifaceted challenge with varied opportunities for improvement. This article delves into the comprehensive data from the 5th Rwanda Population and Housing Census (5RPHC) in 2022, shedding light on the intricacies of the employed population, gender disparities, youth unemployment, and the underlying causes of unemployment. Additionally, it explores strategic responses to mitigate this issue, providing a roadmap for policymakers and stakeholders.   In Nyagatare District, the employment-to-population ratio (EPR) stands at 51.5%, revealing significant labor force participation among individuals aged 16 and above. However, urban-rural disparities are evident, with urban areas boasting a higher EPR of 54.0% compared to 47.9% in rural regions. This data emphasizes the need for nuanced regional st

       Generally speaking, there are different challenges that end up becoming barriers towards the entry of new schools and university in Rwanda and among these challenges we find but no limited to; Starting a new school or university requires lots of investments in terms of infrastructures, and other facilities to meet the minimum requirements set by the ministry of education.   It is also hard to find qualified teachers and lectures in Rwanda who meets the standards as per the ministry of education requirements; most of competent ones are already hired by other similar institutions not willing to share their human resources.   The low capacity of students towards paying the school fees is also another issue, as many schools or universities finds unattractive to invest in, for re-paying the bank loans, or getting interest is way difficult because most of the students don’t have the means to pay the school fees and other school requirements.   Among other challenges wh

In general gender refers to constructed roles , relationships, personality traits, attitudes, behaviors, values, relative power and influences that society attributes to sexes , thus gender refers not only to women and men but also the relationship between them.   Gender education on the other hand refers to a responsive education program that promotes increase access and completion of quality education for both boys and girls.   In Rwanda major efforts were made mainly after the 1994 genocide against the tutsi, where it has committed itself toward developing a society that is democratic and participatory with the practice of good governance, thus in that line the promotion of education for all was very important as it promotes economic growth, social development and democracy.   The structure of gender education in Rwanda was divided into access, quality/ achievement, retention /completion both toward addressing disparities and monitoring.    Talking about access part,